enemies among us

A Richmond editorial found it very suspicious that 400 paroled Yankee prisoners would choose to stay in Richmond instead of heading north back to the Union’s relative abundance. If organized they could kidnap Jefferson Davis.

From the Richmond Daily Dispatch December 23, 1863:

Paroled Yankee prisoners.

–Many of our readers will be astonished to learn that there are now in this city four hundred paroled Yankee prisoners, who, for causes known to themselves, have deserted the “stars and stripes,” renounced Lincoln’s rule, and taken the oath of allegiance to the Confederate Government. Four hundred men, prima facie alien enemies because natives of the land of wooden nutmegs and red onions, turned loose in the very capital of the Southern Confederacy, and that, too, upon the mere pledge of their “words of honor” that they will not take up arms against us, or give information to our enemies. Some of them may be sincere sympathisers of the South; but is it not a short-sighted policy in the Government to take the chance of having a Yankee army thus created in our midst, and by our own consent to aid in thus striking down our cause? Most of these men declare that they fled their country to escape the Lincoln draft. What are they to do here?–Are they to be conscripted; and if conscripted, will they not desert our army? Surely, the man that deserts the service of his own country will not prove more faithful to that of his adoption. If they are not to go into the army, what are they to do? Fill clerkships and positions of artisans, and thus be placed in possession of all the secrets of the Government? Surely not.

If the enrolled Yankees now perambulating the streets of Richmond were to organize for the purpose, they could seize President Davis, on any night agreed upon, and before resistance could be made, “spirit” him off into the Yankee lines.

The Davises 1863 (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/43979/43979-h/43979-h.htm#Page_147)

parolees threaten president’s domestic tranquility

The Mayor, under the State laws, has taken the bold ground that the Confederate authorities have no right to make alien enemies citizens of Virginia; and looking upon all the inhabitants of Yankee land as enemies of the State, and therefore suspicious characters, has had a number of them arrested and imprisoned. The Trojan horse and its results is not forgotten by him; and the fact that our jails and penitentiary are being overrun by these gentlemen of honor, who have fled their own country, does not strengthen his faith in their fair promises, or make him at all desirous to see our overgrown population increased by the addition of such men. As several of these parties are to be called before him to-day, when he will deliver a legal opinion upon the right and propriety of paroling prisoners to remain here, it would be well for the Confederate authorities to attend and hear him.–Mr. Mayor is one of the best posted criminal lawyers in Virginia, having served as prosecutor for more than a quarter of a century, and will therefore be able to give light to those who seem to know but little of our laws, and of the rights of Virginia and her Courts.

What made the whole thing more suspicious was that Confederate citizens in Europe seemed to be in no hurry to brave the blockade to join their fellow citizens in the struggle for independence. Some excellent sarcasm from the same issue:

Confederates abroad.

Amid the general privations and heroic exertions of our people, it is gratifying to know that the Confederates abroad are enduring with unexampled fortitude their separation from their native land, and their afflicting deprivation of the labors and renown in arms which their brethren at home are achieving. It is distressing to think that these unhappy exiles can have no share in the deliverance of their beloved country from its oppressors, and that their posterity will not be able to point to their names on the emblazoned scroll which will hand down to future ages the bronzed and immortal veterans who are carving out with their good swords such a heritage of glory as Greek and Roman never won. The ragged raiment, the bare and bleeding feet, the couch of winter snows with its canopy of Heaven, the terrific battle shock, and the graves where sleep, are all denied the homesick exiles of the sunny South, who, imprisoned in the splendid capitals of Europe, pine like caged eagles to wrestle with the tempest and bare their bosoms to the thunderbolt. The captive crusader, looking out from his rugged tower upon the embattled host of his warlike brethren passing by to humble the proud Moslem, and, amid the cheering blasts of their wild clarions, failing to hear his cry for deliverance, must have felt pangs akin to those which rend the bosoms of those distressed Confederates, whom Yankee blockaders and a stern sense of duty to themselves are chaining to the inglorious security of Europe.

No man with a man’s heart would willingly leave his country at such an hour as this, and therefore we can easily imagine the pangs which rend the bosoms of our expatriated brethren. To be compelled to stand aloof from one’s friends when in adversity, to be obliged to go out when burglars are working away at the old mansion house where one was born, and to know that the lives of those who nourished and played with us in our childhood, and whose blood runs in our veins, are in imminent peril, whilst we are constrained to look helplessly on from a neighbor’s window, is a refinement of torture enough to lacerate the toughest sensibilities, and to drive Reason from her throne. Such is the sad condition of our unhappy brethren in Europe. Who can depict the anguish of their souls? Every gale from the east seems burthened with their plaintive sighs. Surrounded on all hands by revilers of their domestic institutions, and living under Governments which studiously ignore the existence of their country, they are doomed to a condition of isolation and orphanage in comparison with which the crimson wreck of a battle- field and the red flames of the midnight conflagration are agreeable and animating spectacles.

But there is no condition of humanity bereft of all consolation, and it is pleasing to discover occasionally from foreign journals, and other vehicles of intelligence, that, whilst the minds of Confederates abroad are subjected to unspeakable tortures, their bodies are not denied the creature comforts which may be picked up here and there in European capitals. We rejoice to know that they have at least enough to eat, drink, and wear; that the roast beef of Merry England and the choice vintages of gallant France solace their desponding spirits; that they are much admired and sought after in social circles, and sometimes give vent to their unearthly patriotism at the festive board. It must be a touching sight to see them swallowing with convulsive throats an alderman’s turtle, permitting the Good Samaritans of Liverpool and London to pour oil and wine into their bleeding wounds, and drinking in solemn silence to the memory of Stonewall Jackson. Let us hope that, by these merciful appliances, they may be enabled to survive the rigors of their separation from desolate homes and from fields where brave men fight and fall, and that “when this cruel war is over” they will throng back to us like swallows in the spring.

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credit the ranks

General Ambrose E. Burnside, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing slightly right, wearing military uniform (between 1861 and 1865; LOC: between 1861 and 1865)

I can’t take the credit, although my men (in Tennessee) didn’t criticize me

It had been quite a twelve months for Ambrose Burnside – getting whipped at Fredericksburg, the Mud March, Clement Vallandigham, Knoxville. General Burnside and his troops managed to hang on to Knoxville for the Union. After John Foster replaced him in East Tennessee, Burnside headed back east. Here’s a report on a couple of his stops.

From The New-York Times December 21, 1863:

MOVEMENTS OF GEN. BURNSIDE.; His Arrival in New-York Reception at Cincinnati.

Yesterday, at twelve o’clock, Major-Gen. BURNSIDE and lady arrived in New-York from East Tennessee. They came by way of Cleveland, Ohio, and on their arrival in the City proceeded to the Fifth avenue Hotel, where they took apartments. When it was known that the late hero of Knoxville had arrived, many persons of distinction made inquiries respecting his health, and sought an interview with the gallant officer; but after the fatigues of a lengthened journey he declined to see any one until to-day. He will remain for a week, and then proceed to Washington, where he has been ordered to report. As yet the object of his visit to the Capital is not known. He appears in excellent health. Last evening the General granted a short and very agreeable interview to the representatives of the press who called upon him.

RECEPTION AT CINCINNATI.

Gen. BURNSIDE was warmly received at Cincinnati, and just before he left, on Friday evening, he was serenaded, and in acknowledgment of the compliment, said:

The defenders of our Union 109 Commanders of the Union (New York : C.F. May, c1862; LOC: LC-DIG-ppmsca-35558)

we owe all our “success to …. patriotism in the ranks”

MY FRIENDS: I can only thank you for the very kind manner in which you have welcomed me. I am not gifted with the power of speaking to an audience like this. But, gentlemen, though I am unable to fully express myself as I truly feel in respect to the great events that are transpiring, allow me to assure you that no one can feel more thankful than I do to the loyal people of the country for their devotion to the great cause in which we are struggling. I am thankful for your kind estimation of the value of my services, and can only say that I have endeavored to do my duty, and shall endeavor to do so still better on any future position to which I maybe called, I sincerely hope that peace may soon be restored to our beloved country; but as long as these troubles continue and I can be of service, I am ready to do all in my power. [Applause.] I have tried to do my best; and what I have done in East Tennessee has been due to the full cooperation of the subordinate officers and privates of my command. Not a single officer or a man has for a single moment intimated that in his opinion I was making mistakes or erring in my movements; and not one has at any time hesitated to render a full, faithful and energetic obedience to orders in all things. But notwithstanding this happy union of effort on the part of the officers in command of the field, the chief praise of our success is due to the subordinate officers and men in the ranks. Thousands of men in the ranks deserve the credit that is given to the leaders. Many of them have no relations in this country — foreigners — who will never hear of them again. And they fight for the country they love, being actuated by genuine patriotism. I owe all my success to this patriotism in the ranks, as also do all other Generals who have been successful. The principal achievements of this war are chiefly to be credited to the subordinate officers and the devoted fighting men in the ranks, who endure all, and dare all, with little other object in view than the defence of our common country. I have never been more conscious of this fact than during my last campaign. For one, I shall never forget what is due to the men in the ranks. [Applause.]

Allow me, then, again to return you my thanks for the compliment you have paid me, and to withdraw, expressing the ardent hope that our country will soon be at peace with herself, and continue forever in the enjoyment of peace within and with the external world. [Great applause.]

From Bruce Catton’s Mr. Lincoln’s Army via Wikipedia:

… Burnside had repeatedly demonstrated that it had been a military tragedy to give him a rank higher than colonel. One reason might have been that, with all his deficiencies, Burnside never had any angles of his own to play; he was a simple, honest, loyal soldier, doing his best even if that best was not very good, never scheming or conniving or backbiting. Also, he was modest; in an army many of whose generals were insufferable prima donnas, Burnside never mistook himself for Napoleon. …

Civil War envelope showing Union soldier with flag and sword trampling the Confederate flag (between 1861 and 1862; LOC:  LC-DIG-ppmsca-34718)

“they fight for the country they love, being actuated by genuine patriotism”

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just “a tithe of the patriotism”

As the main armies in the Virginia Theater retired to winter quarters, a Richmond paper’s “X” correspondent reported from the Army of Northern Virginia. The troops were pretty well fed and clothed but still lack blankets. The reporter believed this lack could be easily remedied if Confederate citizens were only a tenth as fired up as they were when the war started.

From the Richmond Daily Dispatch December 19, 1863:

From General Lee’s army.

[from our Own Correspondent.]

Army of Northern Virginia, December17, 1863.

The campaign of 1863 may now be said to be over. The troops are doubtless in their winter quarters, and the condition of the weather to-day leads us to believe that all warlike operations are now at an end until the vernal suns of 1864 shall bring a more favorable season for military movements. The enemy is in Culpeper county, with the bulk of his infantry, consisting of four corps, lying around the Court-House and Brandy Station, and with his cavalry pickets reaching out to and beyond Mitchell’s Station. One corps is beyond the Rappahannock, for the purpose of guarding the railroad. It is not true that the enemy have ever destroyed any part of the railroad, or that they intend to change their base of operations. On the contrary, as soon as spring opens Meads will either push for Richmond or be forced back to Washington.

Capt. Sleeper 10th Mass. Battery and other officers, Dec. 1863 (by James gardner,  photographed 1863, [printed between 1880 and 1889]; LOC: LC-DIG-ppmsca-34221)

enemy (artist) lying around Brandy station

A party of prisoners, five in number, brought in yesterday evening, say that the enemy are busily occupied in constructing mud huts, and in corduroying the roads so as to make them fit for travel. Our men are similarly occupied, and already have constructed very comfortable quarters; whilst the pioneer corps have been unremitting in their efforts to improve our roads. The road passing through Orange C. H. has been converted into quite a good pike.

Frequent inquiries as to how the army is fed. In response I would say that the army receives an abundance of good flour and beef for five days, and bacon for the other two days of each week. Occasionally there are issues of sweet and Irish potatoes. The army has also been receiving during the last ten days supplies of new clothing and some shoes. The troops are well fed, and in the main well clad, the only much-needed article to the soldiers comfort being blankets. The lack of them could readily be supplemented if the people only possessed a tithe of the patriotism they exhibited in the outset of this war.

Wade Hampton, C.S.A. (between 1860 and 1870; LOC:  LC-DIG-cwpb-07540)

back in the saddle

The country will be gratified to learn of the return to command of Major-Gen. Wade Hampton, now commanding a division of cavalry in the army. Gen. H. was wounded at Gettysburg. The cavalry corps is composed of Hampton’s and Fitz Lee’s divisions, the whole under command of Maj.-Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, who ought for his gallantry and worth to be a Lieut.-General.

The field hospital accommodations in this army are as follows: A general hospital for corps No. 2, under Dr. Black; one for corps No. 3, under Dr. Iliggin bottom. There is also a receiving and forwarding hospital, under Dr. Claggett, assisted by Dr. Newton. All of these are now located at Orange C. H. Persons coming here and seeking information of their sick friends can get it by applying at one of the three departments.

X.

Wade Hampton III was wounded during the Gettysburg campaign by several saber cuts to the head and a piece of shrapnel to the hip:

In the Gettysburg Campaign, Hampton was slightly wounded in the Battle of Brandy Station, the war’s largest cavalry battle. His brigade then participated in Stuart’s wild adventure to the northeast, swinging around the Union army and losing contact with Lee. Stuart and Hampton reached the vicinity of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, late on July 2, 1863. While just outside of town, Hampton was confronted by a Union cavalryman pointing a rifle at him from 200 yards. Hampton charged the trooper before he could fire his rifle, but another trooper blindsided Hampton with a saber cut to the back of his head. On July 3, Hampton led the cavalry attack to the east of Gettysburg, attempting to disrupt the Union rear areas, but colliding with Union cavalry. He received two more saber cuts to the front of his head, but continued fighting until he was wounded again with a piece of shrapnel to the hip. He was carried back to Virginia in the same ambulance as General John Bell Hood.

Corduroy road (photographed between 1861 and 1865, printed later; LOC: LC-DIG-ppmsca-33087)

on a corduroy road

The photograph of the four men in front of tent is said to be “artist A.R. Waud, seated left, and Captain J. Henry Sleeper, seated right, and other officers of the 10th Massachusetts Battery at Brandy Station, Va.” from December 1863

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Hoosier press

death and taxes … and politics?

Portrait of Brig. Gen. Robert Huston Milroy, officer of the Federal Army (Maj. Gen. from Nov. 29, 1862) (Between 1860 and 1865; LOC: LC-DIG-cwpb-04624)

1)sincere 2) courageous 3) wants to fight for our cause

From The Papers And Writings Of Abraham Lincoln, Volume Seven:

TELEGRAM TO GENERAL U.S. GRANT.
WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, December 19, 1863.

GENERAL GRANT, Chattanooga, Tennessee:

The Indiana delegation in Congress, or at least a large part of them, are very anxious that General Milroy shall enter active service again, and I share in this feeling. He is not a difficult man to satisfy, sincerity and courage being his strong traits. Believing in our cause, and wanting to fight for it, is the whole matter with him. Could you, without embarrassment, assign him a place, if directed to report to you?

A. LINCOLN.

Robert H. Milroy was sidelined after being beaten badly in June 1863 at Second Winchester. “After this period of inactivity, Milroy was transferred to the Western Theater, recruiting for Maj. Gen. George Henry Thomas’s Army of the Cumberland in Nashville in the spring of 1864. He also commanded the Defenses of the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad in the Department of the Cumberland until the end of the war.”

Earlier in the month the president telegraphed his gratitude to General Grant and his warriors out west. From The Papers And Writings Of Abraham Lincoln, Volume Seven:

TELEGRAM TO GENERAL U. S. GRANT.
WASHINGTON, December 8, 1863.

MAJOR-GENERAL GRANT:

Understanding that your lodgment at Chattanooga and Knoxville is now secure, I wish to tender you, and all under your command, my more than thanks, my profoundest gratitude, for the skill, courage, and perseverance with which you and they, over so great difficulties, have effected that important object. God bless you all!

A. LINCOLN.

The quote about death and taxes being the only certainties is attributed to Benjamin Franklin.

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celebrity autograph

Here’s some evidence that 150 years ago today exiled Copperhead Clement L. Vallandigham responded to a request for support of the U.S. Sanitary Commission. In lauding the commission’s work Mr. Vallandigham did a pretty thorough job cataloging the horrors or war in general and the American Civil War in particular.

From a Seneca County, New York newspaper in 1863:

Letter from Mr. Vallandigham.

WINDSOR, C.W., Dec. 18, 1863.

Geo. McLaughlin, Esq., Cincinnati, O.

SIR: – Yours of the 11th, requesting from me an autograph letter for the benefit of the Sanitary Commission, has been received, and I cheerfully comply.

Hon. Clement Laird Vallandigham [?] of Ohio (between 1855 and 1865; LOC: LC-DIG-cwpbh-01194)

I support the troops

The object of the Commission is one of mercy. It is a charity truly Christian to visit the sick, to heal the wounded, to minister to the maimed, to comfort the afflicted, to relieve the prisoner, to clothe the naked, to feed the hungry, to give drink to them who are athirst, to cheer the widow and the fatherless, to save human life, to save human life, to alleviate human suffering, and thus to restore some part of that which war always so largely subtracts from the sum of human happiness. That all this is to be wrought on the behalf of those or the families of those who brave wounds and death with heroic courage on the many battle-fields of this most sorrowful of wars, gives but still more of value to the merciful purpose. – the Commission, if justly, fairly, with integrity and without partiality, it shall perform its pious duties, will prove itself worthy of the noble praise bestowed by Burke upon the benevolent Howard.

Very truly, C.L. VALLANDIGHAM

And it wasn’t just famous opponents of the war. A member of the United States Sanitary Commission requested President Lincoln’s signatures:

Also active in the association was Col. Leavitt Hunt, a New York lawyer and photographer. In January 1864, he wrote to President Abraham Lincoln’s secretary John George Nicolay asking that Nicolay forward him any documents he might have available with the President’s signature. Hunt’s mother, the widow of Vermont congressman Jonathan Hunt, planned to attach Lincoln’s signature to copies of several casts of the President’s hand, to be sold to raise funds for the war effort.

Sanitary Fairs were also held to raise funds for the commission.

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Tigers in a blanket …

Not! or at least, not all, not yet.

Some more evidence that Confederate government wasn’t supplying enough blankets for its troops in the field. From the Richmond Daily Dispatch December 17, 1863:

To the patriotic.

–As numbers of the soldiers of Hays’s Louisiana brigade are in the field without blankets, it is hoped that the patriotic will come to their assistance and supply the want. –Blankets sent to the care of the Matron of the 6th Louisiana regiment, at W T Lindsey’s feed store, corner Marshall and 5th sts, will be thankfully received and duly forwarded.

Virginia had to seem real cold for Hays’s “Louisiana Tiger” Brigade

As if the blanket shortage wasn’t bad enough, here’s a Richmond editorial opposing a levy en masse – round up the deserters, don’t draft newspaper editors.

From the Richmond Daily Dispatch December 17, 1863:

Stragglers, deserters, and absentees.

The Secretary of War, referring to these characters in his report, says that the effective force of the army is but little over half or two-thirds of the men whose names are on the muster rolls.

An astounding state of things, indeed.–What are we to think of the discipline of the army? What are we to expect in the future, if such evils are to remain unchecked? And some members of Congress talk of extending the conscript age, and making a levy en masse of the people, (when the present number of exempts cannot provide food for the remainder,) in order to make up the deficiencies arising from the straggling, absenteeism, and desertion of men whose presence in the army would make it large enough for all practical purposes?

Is not the obvious remedy to bring back the stragglers, absentees, and deserters, and make them perform their duty, instead of enlarging the limits of conscription, only to engender a fresh batch of stragglers, absentees, and deserters more numerous than the last? If military discipline cannot keep men of the present military age in the army, how is it to keep those who are not half so fit for service? We should be sorry indeed to believe that the present evil cannot be remedied, for it is an evil that will increase instead of diminish, by putting men in the army whose prime of life has past, and whose home ties are stronger and more pressing than those of younger men who have no one dependent on their exertions.–For our own part, we believe that if Congress will devote a very moderate degree of attention to the maturing of measures for the return of stragglers, deserters, and absentees to the army, it will accomplish a hundred-fold more for the efficiency of our army and the success of our cause than it ever could by a levy en masse of the people.

The crime of straggling, absenteeism, and desertion from the Southern army, are in finitely more scandalous and infamous than the same officers in the Yankee army. They are invaders; we defending all that man holds dear. Such crimes against society, against honor, against their own faithful comrades, are past all endurance. That the valiant and loyal heroes, who, for nearly three long years, have stood firmly at their posts, many of them never once seeing their Homes, should be forsaken in this way by those whose interests are as great as their own in the success of our cause, is, in itself, an abomination which deserves the severest scourge of the civil and military laws.

Let Congress, and the whole nation, rise up at once and compel every soldier absent from the army to go back at once, join his comrades, and help to save his country.

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hitting home

I know the feeling. When I read current events, I’m aware I don’t have the energy to feel compassion for all the constant death and destruction around our world. Also, for the most part, I’m very analytic reading about that seemingly unending war 150 years ago and the hundreds of thousands of deaths. The following was a good reminder that the deaths hit home. And the description of the dead naval engineer reminded me of a neighbor that I looked up to in my youth. He died heroically in the Vietnam War.

The USS Weehawken sunk off Charleston on December 6, 1863. It did not sink during combat. About eight days later the uncertain became certain; the impersonal became personal.

USS Weehawken (1863-1863)  Engraving published in "Harper's Weekly", 3 February 1866 as part of a larger print entitled "The Iron-clad Navy of the United States. (http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-w/wehawkn.htm)

USS Weehawken

From The New-York Times December 16, 1863:

Tribute to a Young Patriot.; HENRY W. MERIAN, OF THE IRON-CLAD WEEHAWKEN.

When the news reached this City that the Weehawken had gone down with four engineers and thirty of her crew, the cold, concise manner of the announcement may have caused it to be passed over with a casual sigh by many of our fellow-citizens; but in one home, how deep, how awful were those words! What a knell tolled in every heart as they were read, and the happy, peaceful home plunged in a moment into the deepest despair. Still, hope would live, and faint as the spark, it cheered, not only this sad family, but many sympathizing friends. Last night, however, this little light went out — heading the list of the lost was that dear name, the son, the brother, the friend, the true, noble young patriot.

USS Weehawken (1863-1863)  Line engraving published in "The Soldier in Our Civil War", Volume II, page 173, depicting the"Bombardment of Fort Sumter, as seen from the Lookout of the Turret" of USS Weehawken. This may represent the 7 April 1863 attack on Fort Sumter.(http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-w/wehwkn-k.htm)

said to be the”Bombardment of Fort Sumter, as seen from the Lookout of the Turret” of USS Weehawken. This may represent the 7 April 1863 attack on Fort Sumter.

Leaving a home surrounded by every comfort, a devoted father and loving sister; casting no fond, lingering look behind upon the hopes, the luxuries of life, HENRY W. MERIAN joined the enthusiastic ranks of our volunteer army, and did good service in those days of trial, the Spring of ’61. Educated as an engineer, and never having relinguished his desire to serve his country, young MERIAN, at a later period, joined the Weehawken, when she was preparing to leave this port, holding the post of Third Assistant Engineer — a post not worthy his talents and education, but which would most assuredly have been to him but a stepping-stone to higher fortunes had his young life been spared. Ever generous and forgetful of self, with a heart entirely devoted to his country, our young friend thought only of his duty, and took a manly part in all the dangers and difficulties that menaced the Weehawken on her perilous voyage south, and later off Charleston, when she planted the fatal shot in the magazine of Fort Moultrie, and was exposed to such danger herself. No fond entreaty from home could persuade him to leave his post while work was to be done; and in his last letter, possibly alluding to the different changes and promotions that had taken place, he wrote: “I stand by the Weehawken, sink or swim.” Alas! how soon was this sad alternative to be! Without a moment’s preparation, hurried from youth, life and hope, to vast eternity!

[View from parapet of Fort Sumter, Sept. 8, 1863, showing Federal ironclads WEEHAWKEN, MONTAUK, and PASSAIC; taken by a Confederate photographer] (by George S. Cook, 1863, printed later; LOC:  LC-USZ62-49549)

I saw three ships come shelling us (View from parapet of Fort Sumter, Sept. 8, 1863, showing Federal ironclads WEEHAWKEN, MONTAUK, and PASSAIC; taken by a Confederate photographer)

Negligence has been imputed to the officers of the Weehawken, but knowing as we do the character and whole career of this fine young man, we feel assured that whatever responsibility rested on him was faithfully discharged. When uncertainty veiled the sad truth from his friends, it was said by those who knew him well: “Were his character less generous, we might have some hope.”

But though no voice may come from that watery grave to tell us his last words or deeds; no consolation be brought to his sorrowing family; we feel assured, that in dying, as in living, his heart was true to his God, his duty, and his country. E.

TUESDAY, Dec. 15.

It look like a Brooklyn paper published a poem to honor Henry W. Merian.

According to the Library of Congress the photo from Fort Sumter “is the first known Civil War combat photo taken with the photographer actually under fire.”

You can see much more of the Weehawken at the Navy

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those duplicitous abolitionists

Nowadays Voodoo economics is a well-known phrase to question your political opponent’s intellectual ability or honesty. 150 years ago a Southern editorial said abolitionists’ claims that they wanted to free slaves was “moonshine philanthropy” – abolitionists really just wanted to transfer ownership to themselves. Who could think the North was going to add 3 million people to the free labor market?

From the Richmond Daily Dispatch December 11, 1863:

“Under which King?”

Several publications have lately appeared in the Western United States defending the institution of slavery upon grounds of Scripture and reason. The Yankees in general will say that the time for such discussions has passed. We agree with them in this. Whether slavery is lawful or unlawful is not the question now. Whether Scripture and Reason are for it or against it is a matter of entire indifference to infidels and madmens. The great practical issue is, who shall be the masters? The man who is absurd enough to believe that the Yankees intend the permanent emancipation of the negro is fit for a straight jacket. It suits their purposes at present to deceive the world with the pretence of a philanthropic mission, and, forcing the stolen blacks into the ranks of the army, to mock them with the name of free men. But, the subjugation of the South once accomplished, we should hear no more of abolition. The slaves would be taken from their present masters, it is true; not one Southern proprietor, great or small, would be permitted to own a single “chattel,” animate or inanimate; not a negro would be left him any more than any other description of property; but property of no kind would be abolished. It is not in the nature of the abolitionist, or any other thief, to abolish property. It is only a transfer to their own possession of the goods, lands, tenements, and negroes of their Southern brethren that they design and fully intend to accomplish. They have not gone to all the expense and hard knocks of this war for the gratification of any moonshine philanthropy. They mean to reimburse themselves for all their outlay to the last farthing. Any one who doubts that proposition may doubt that there are any such beings as Yankees.

Who knows better than the Yankees that the abolition of slavery in the Southern States would destroy forever the cultivation of the great Southern staples, and with it all the commerce and wealth of “this glorious Union?” It needs no books on slavery to convince them of its lawfulness or Divine sanction. They care not whether it is lawful, or has the Divine sanction or any other sanction. They simply understand that it pays, and anything that pays is their highest law and the only god that they worship.–The ruinous results of every attempt ever made under the sun to cultivate the earth, especially in hot countries, by free negro labor, is as familiar to their minds as it is to ours. They have no more idea of permitting the South to become a Jamaica or St. Domingo than we have. They will simply take the administration of the labor into their own humane and merciful hands. Of all the miserable victims of a Yankee conquest of the South none will be as miserable as the slaves. Of all the woes their race has ever suffered none will equal the horrors which will be piled mountain high upon their heads should they ever exchange Southern for Yankee masters. We have only to look at the cruelty of their ship captains to free white sailors, and at the marble hardness of heart which they have displayed in this war, to form a faint idea of the hell upon earth which awaits the negroes of the South should the Yankees once get them into their greedy and remorseless hands.

______________________________________________

150 years ago today Richmond commented on U.S. President Lincoln’s amnesty plan. From the Richmond Daily Dispatch December 14, 1863:

Lincoln’s message.

The comments of the European and Confederate press have had their influence upon Abe. He appears less of a jack-pudding in this message than he has done since he assumed the purple. He has probably been under the discipline of Seward or some other mender of “Cakeology. ” and we congratulate him upon the symptoms of improvement.

Of course the first thing to be spoken of in the immense progress made during the last two years and a half in subduing a rebellion which was to have been subdued in one month with 75,000 men. He now really thinks he is near the end, and therefore feels himself justified in prescribing terms and publishing an amnesty. Every man who will “come in,” it seems, is to be safe in life and and have back all his property, (except negroes,) or unless it be already seized on by the vultures of confiscation — that is to say, he is to have back none at all. He must also take an cath, prescribed in a huge proclamation, which he publishes, whether as part of the cath or not, we are not advised. Everything goes on swimmingly with Abe. He has plenty of money, plenty of loyal subjects, and plenty of everything else that is good. But we must defer further comment for the present.

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crowned

Lantern of the dome of the United States Capitol, Washington D. C.

Statue of Freedom

Walt Whitman seemed fascinated by it. The Statue of Freedom’s top-most section was put into place in the early days of December 1863. Whitman’s “Genius of Liberty” was on top of the Capitol Dome.

From the Richmond Daily Dispatch December 11, 1863:

The “Crowning of a Statu[e] of Freedom” in Washington.

–A very remarkable affair came off in Washington on Friday last. It was nothing less than the crowning of a Statue of Freedom on the Capitol of a nation which has no habeas corpus[,] twenty bastiles, and legions of Government spies. Very apropos to the proceeding was the appearance of several of the Russian fleet in the river at the time. The Washington Star says:

The crowd which gathered numbered several thousand, and we noticed that a large number of opera glasses were brought into play; whilst many of the windows of the dwellings around the square were filled with ladies, glass in hand, viewing the motions of the workmen on the scaffolding as they placed the head on the figure.

About 11½ o’clock A. M., the upper portion of the figure, which had been placed in a large box near the central entrance to the Capitol, was attached to the hoisting apparatus, and was speedily raised to the roof of the building. Here it was attached to a rope leading from the beam which has been used in raising the iron pieces of the dome, and was soon at the summit of the dome and at the foot of the tholes.

Here the hoisting apparatus on the platform on top of the huge cage or scaffold work was brought into play, four men working the crank, soon having the head of the statue at the proper height, and it was swung to its place, where it was secured, and the work was completed.

Immediately that the head was adjusted, the hoisting of a flag signaled to all below that the statue was complete, and cheer after cheer filled the air from the throats of the large concourse present.

The prisoners in the Old Capitol and Carroll prisons also gave several cheers, but some think that they were intended to be, as Artemus styles it, “sarcastic.” At the same time a battery of artillery from Camp Barry, stationed on the grounds east of the Capitol, fired a salute of thirty five guns (one for each State,) which was replied to by similar salutes from the forts around the city.

The Dispatch noted restrictions on liberty in the North. Jefferson Davis, the Confederate president, was involved with the creation of the Statue of Freedom. As Secretary of War in the Pierce administration, Davis was “was in charge of the Capitol construction and its decorations”. He forbid the statue’s designer from putting a liberty cap (a old Roman symbol of a freed slave) on the statue’s head. The helmet with feathers was the replacement.

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Bonds, Town Bonds

Men in Seneca Falls, New York might have been voting mostly Democratic in the early 1860’s, but citizens apparently didn’t mind issuing bonds to help pay bounties to encourage recruits for the military. People still wanted to save the Union if they did not necessarily want to free slaves. Here’s some information about a town meeting 150 years ago today.

From the Seneca County Courier on December 17, 1863:

TOWN BOUNTY OF $800 – The call of the Town Board of Seneca Falls for a meeting on Saturday last, to vote on the question of paying a bounty of $800 to Volunteers, was responded to by some three or four hundred of our citizens, and a resolution authorizing the Board to issue Town Bonds, to the amount of $12,000 for that purpose, was adopted without a dissenting voice. Lieut. Col. MURRAY being present was called on for a speech, after the vote was taken, and he responded in some well-timed and stirring remarks, and at the close two good men came forward and swore in as Volunteers. Since then twenty-one more have enlisted, and the prospect is that within a few days a sufficient number will enlist to fill the quota of this town at least.

It looks like Lieutenant Colonel Murray got right to work during his recruiting furlough. Also from December 17, 1863:

Col. G.M. GUION and Lieut. Col. JOHN B. MURRAY, of the 148th, arrived home on Saturday last. Col. GUION has a furlough for twenty days, and the Lieut.- Col. has been granted one for forty-five days, to enable him to discharge the duties of Recruiting Agent, an office to which he was appointed a few weeks since by the Recruiting Commissioners. The 148th is still at Yorktown, except Co. A, which remains at Fort Norfolk.

The 148th had been doing garrison work in the Norfolk – Yorktown area for over a year. That would change in 1864.

Fort Norfolk changed hands during the war but was spared much damage. It was probably serving mostly as a hospital and prison when Co. A was stationed there. Below is a map from March 1861.

Norf-Port Harbor 1861(LOC: glva01 lva00014 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.ndlpcoop/glva01.lva00014)

Fort Norfolk to the east

The Library of Congress has some information about the Seneca County Courier, including an example of the notice of the first Women’s Rights Convention published in the July 14, 1848 issue.

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