objects lesson

United States, January 1864 (LOC: g3701s cw0048000 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3701s.cw0048000)

those obsolete state lines

In the first month of the new year a conservative editorial from a Democrat paper in the Finger Lakes region of New York State objected to what it saw as the war aims of the Lincoln administration -emancipation, increasing national power, keeping the Republican party in power. From a Seneca County, New York newspaper in January 1864:

Objects of the War.

This is no longer a vexed question. Government has clearly defined its ostensible purpose in continuing the war, to wipe out the institution of slavery everywhere.

To destroy State lines, and extinguish State sovereignties, and to rule the people as conquered provinces, by a despotic military rule.

To perpetuate the party in power by all means, which the people of these United States will tolerate them to use, to continue themselves and friends in power.

All hail to the era of war tyranny and official rascality.

But 1864 was ostensibly a year of hope for Democrats. Could they get a Democrat elected United States president and oust Abraham Lincoln and his tyrannous cabinet? It didn’t take long for the pro-Administration Harper’s Weekly to put a damper on that idea. In its first 1864 issue an editorial said New York governor Horatio Seymour had no hope of securing the Democrat nomination since his “My friends” speech during the July 1863 draft riots; it would be impossible for General George McClellan to be nominated because he supported George Woodward in the Pennsylvania gubernatorial contest against Republican Andrew Curtin; General Ulysses Grant would not be acceptable to Democrats because he believed in a vigorous prosecution of the war and would not be picked by the Republicans because they still endorsed the Lincoln Administration. In fact, in the absence of unforeseen calamity Mr. Lincoln’s re-election as assured. Here are a few extracts from the January 2, 1864 issue of Harper’s Weekly at Son of the South:

PRESIDENTIAL PROSPECTS.

THE gentlemen whose accession to political power depends upon the salvation of slavery are already casting about for available Presidential candidates. A year ago the nomination of Mr. Horatio Seymour was a foregone conclusion. But his obsequiousness to a murderous mob alarmed the most substantial of his supporters. …

The moment General McClellan subordinated his military conduct to his political aspirations he was doomed. … He thought be could fight without hurting the enemy much; for it would not do to exasperate one’s natural political allies. He would try fighting with one hand and waving the olive branch with the other. He was a well-meaning Captain of Engineers, of no remarkable military capacity, utterly spoiled by the touch of political intriguers who hoped to make him their tool.

president-abraham-lincoln-2 (http://ushistoryimages.com/images/president-abraham-lincoln/fullsize/president-abraham-lincoln-2.jpg)

rascal, despot … sage, a hold on the national heart

Does any body suppose that the same game can be played with General Grant? General Grant is a soldier who does not believe in olive branches but in unconditional surrender. He is a citizen who comprehends the scope of the war, and knows and frankly says that liberty, Union, and peace are henceforward inseparable. His politics are the overthrow of the rebel army in the field, and the destruction of the cause that sends it there. He supports the Government and its policy. …

No man at this moment has so sure a hold of the national heart as the President. It would as soon think of removing General Grant from command of his great army, because he is conquering the rebel host, as it would of setting aside Mr. Lincoln because his administration is restoring the Union. If the Presidential election took place next week, Mr. Lincoln would undoubtedly be returned by a greater majority than any President since Washington. And unless he is deserted by his great sagacity, or some huge military disaster befalls the country, or some serious blunder is committed by the Union men in Congress, his election is as sure as the triumph of the nation over the rebellion.

____________________________________________

The following Thomas Nast image from the same Harper’s Weekly issue is said to contrast North and South as the new year began. Things were probably worse in the South, but I’m pretty sure Northern soldiers died and had limbs blown off, too.

new-years-day (by Thomas Nast, Harper's Weekly, January 2, 1864)

Nasty New Year

You can see the beautiful map of the United States in January 1864 at the Library of Congress

The image of Abraham Lincoln is from U.S. History Images.

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“billowed with their graves”

America in 1863.

Democrat newspapers in central New York state thought that General-in-Chief Halleck underestimated the Union loss during 1863 in his year-end report. A couple articles from Seneca County, New York newspapers in December 1863:

Our Losses for the Year.

According to the figures of Gen. Halleck’s report, our losses during the year were:

Killed ……10,079
Missing …..20,677
Wounded …..51,718
Guns …………42
Small arms …8,840

To which add 10,296 men reported under the head of “our losses,” “killed and wounded,” or “killed, wounded and missing.” Our captures were:

Colors ………..52
Prisoners … 86,786
Guns …………266
Small arms …44,829
Boats ………..158
Cattle ……..5,643
Horses ……..1,175

From this it appears that our losses during the year in killed, wounded, and missing, was ninety-two thousand, seven hundred and seventy men. But this estimate is far below the true figures. To say nothing of the rebel loss, we firmly believe that more than two hundred thousand men have been sacrificed during the past twelve months. Had this terrible sacrifice of human life been made with a view of preserving the Constitution and restoring the Union, the people might not complain. But, alas, it has not.

Dead in "the wheat field", Gettysburg (by Alexander gardner, photographed 1863 July, printed between 1880 and 1889; LOC: LC-DIG-ppmsca-32930)

feel like a number? (the Wheatfield, Gettysburg)

Losses in 1863.

In the campaigns of 1863, which are now apparently brought to a close, all our battles have been desperately contested, and bloody beyond comparison with those of other years, and the losses in officers and men have been very great. The Detroit Free Press estimates that no less than a hundred and fifty thousand men have been slain, or died from wounds and disease. This an awful aggregate of human life to be sacrificed within the space of twelve months. History does not furnish us, in modern times, records of war in which men have been used up so rapidly as this. Between two and three years have passed since this war began, the North has sent nearly a million and a half of men into the field, and of those, probably not more than two-thirds remain alive. Battle fields from the Atlantic to the Mississippi are billowed witn [sic] their graves. When to our own losses are added those of the South it makes us recoil with a sickening shudder, to contemplate through what we have all passed, and to hope that near at hand some end may be brought to horrors, and devastation so vast.”

_______________________________________________

Unidentified soldier in Union first lieutenant's uniform and child in Zouave uniform with model 1860 cavalry saber (by C.L. Howe, between 1861 and 1865; LOC: LC-DIG-ppmsca-34994)

more war? Baby New Year as Zouave?

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actions speak louder

The following editorial might very well have been published nearer the time in May 1863 when Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony organized the Woman’s National Loyal League (or the Women’s Loyal National League) in New York City. Nevertheless, it seems appropriate to get it out toward the end of 1863, a year that began with the Emancipation Proclamation.

From a Seneca County, New York newspaper sometime in 1863:

A Woman’s Regiment.

Mrs. ELIZABETH CADY STANTON, President, and Mrs. SUSAN B. ANTHONY, Secretary, are out in a long address to soldiers, exhorting them not to mind the negroes, but receive them as fellow soldiers. The soldiers, beyond all question, would receive a regiment of women, or even these women, as fellow soldiers. Why not act, and form the regiment, in lieu of mere writing or talking? – Express.

Unfortunately, women were not allowed to fight with the U.S. military 150 years ago.

Anthony Bloomer Cady Stanton (East Bayard Street, Seneca Fall, NY, USA)

meeting of liberating minds

The statue “When Anthony Met Stanton” in Seneca Falls, NY, USA represents Amelia Bloomer’s 1851 introduction of Susan B. Anthony (left) to Elizabeth Cady Stanton (right).

You can read more about the Stanton/Anthony Friendship here

The Express might be the New York evening express

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life insurance on property

An advertisement from the Richmond Daily Dispatch December 28, 1863:

Slave Insurance
Lynchburg Hose and
fire Insurance Company.

Slaves insured by this company for one or a term of years on favorable terms

Wm A Charters,
Increase Agent.
Office 11th st, bet Main and Bank.

There is evidence that life insurance on slaves was mostly an urban phenomenon in the antebellum South. The Lynchburg company is mentioned in Sharon Ann Murphy’s
Investing in Life: Insurance in Antebellum America

Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States. Compiled from the census of 1860  (LOC: glva01 lva00215 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.ndlpcoop/glva01.lva00215 )

big potential market (slave density, 1860 census)

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riddle me this

The Christmastime issue of Harper’s was full of “Humors of the Day.” Here’s a couple of examples. From the December 26, 1863 issue of Harper’s Weekly at Son of the South:

What’s the use of a seat of war to a standing army?

Infantryman (by Edwin Forbes, [18]63 Sept. 21.; LOC: LC-DIG-ppmsca-20564)

contrarian

From the same issue of Harper’s:

Here is what we consider a manifest improvement on the old story of the “Friend in Need:”

A friend in need’s a friend indeed,

And this I’ve found most true;

But mine is such a needy friend

He sticks to me like glue.

Apparently the British view of the seat of war was focused on the capitals region.

britview1863 (LOC: g3881s cw0476500 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3881s.cw0476500 )

London view of seat of war 1863

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death by cracked skull

You could get killed in battle; you could die a slow, lingering death from your battle wounds or from disease; or a horse could fall on you and crack your skull. That’s what happened to General Michael Corcoran on December 22, 1863.

Brig.-Genl. Michael Corcoran - of the Irish Brigade late colonel of the gallant N.Y. "Sixty Ninth" (: Published by Currier & Ives, 152 Nassau St., [186-]; LOC: LC-DIG-ppmsca-08409)

Irish immigrant, American Unionist

From The New-York Times December 26, 1863:

Military Arrangements for Gen. Corcoran’s Funeral.

HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, N.Y.S.N.G., NEW-YORK, Dec. 24, 1863.

SPECIAL ORDER, No.54. — The Major-General has heard with deep regret of the decease of Brig.-Gen. MICHAEL CORCORAN.

His remains will be received to-morrow by a company of the Sixty-ninth regiment, and will be escorted to the City Hall, where they will remain in the Governor’s room in charge of a detachment of that regiment until the funeral on Sunday next.

The funeral will take place from the City Hall under the direction of the National Committee of the Common Council, at 1 o’clock P.M.

The escort will be under the command of Brig.-Gen. EWEN, and will consist of the Twenty-second regiment, Col. ASPINWALL, the Sixty-ninth regiment, Col. BAGLEY, and a section of artillery from the Fourth regiment, to be detailed by Brig.-Gen. YATES.

The line will be formed on Sunday next, at 12 1/2 o’clock M., in the Park.

The officers of the division not on duty are requested to attend in uniform, with side arms and the usual badges of mourning.

The Commissary-General will issue the necessary ammunition upon the requisition of the proper officers. By order of

Maj.-Gen. CHAS. W. SANDFORD.

ALEXANDER HAMILTON, A.D.C.

HEADQUARTERS FOURTH BRIGADE N.Y.S.N.G., NEW-YORK, Dec. 24, 1863.

SPECIAL ORDER No. _____._____ The foregoing Special Orders from Division Headquarters are hereby promulgated. The Twenty-second and Sixty-ninth regiments will appear as therein directed.

The Staff will assemble, fully equipped and mounted, at the Brigadier-General’s Headquarters, at 11 1/2 o’clock A.M. By order of

JOHN EWEN, Brig.-Gen.

HENRY M. VAN BEUREN, Aid-de-Camp.

You can read more about Michael Corcoran at The Washington Times

In January 1863 a mass was held in New York City’s St. Patrick’s for the souls of members of the Irish brigade killed in the war.

Brig.-Genl. Michael Corcoran - of the Irish Brigade late colonel of the gallant N.Y. "Sixty Ninth" (: Published by Currier & Ives, 152 Nassau St., [186-]; LOC: LC-DIG-ppmsca-08409) (Frank Leslie's illustrated newspaper, 1863 Feb. 7, p. 308.; LOC: LC-USZ62-119851)

requiem for Irish Brigade

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merry Christmas?

View of the rebel position at Mine run--2nd corps batteries in foreground (by Alfred R. Waud, Published in Harper's Weekly, January 2, 1864, p. 13.; LOC:  LC-DIG-ppmsca-22416)

drowning out carols – cannon thundering during Mine Run

For a time when I was growing up I loved playing and playing Christmas records on our family’s hi-fi – day after day throughout pre-Christmas December. I especially remember a couple of the W.T. Grant’s “A Very Merry Christmas” albums we had. One of the songs that made an impression was Johnny Cash laying down “I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day”. I’m pretty sure that had to blow a few sugar-plums out of my young head.

The politics and poetry of New England (by Alexander gardner, 1863; LOC:  LC-USZ62-26634)

“The politics and poetry of New England”; Sumner and Longfellow

It is written that the song was based on a poem, “Christmas Bells”, by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. He wrote the poem on Christmas Day in 1863. Longfellow was responding to a son recently wounded and the 1861 death of his beloved wife as a result of a fire:

During the American Civil War, Longfellow’s oldest son Charles Appleton Longfellow joined the Union cause as a soldier without his father’s blessing. Longfellow was informed by a letter dated March 14, 1863, after Charles had left. “I have tried hard to resist the temptation of going without your leave but I cannot any longer,” he wrote. “I feel it to be my first duty to do what I can for my country and I would willingly lay down my life for it if it would be of any good”. Charles soon got an appointment as a lieutenant but, in November, he was severely wounded in the Battle of New Hope Church (in Virginia) during the Mine Run Campaign. Coupled with the recent loss of his wife Frances, who died as a result of an accidental fire, Longfellow was inspired to write “Christmas Bells”.

Thanks to modern technology and the Grant’s link above I just listened to the Johnny Cash rendition again. It was a little more produced than I wanted to remember and does not include the more menacing and Civil War specific stanzas mentioned at Civil War Daily Gazette. (No longer online)

Down in Richmond speculators and extortioners were identified with Scrooge and more charitable citizens were urged to visit the suffering, wounded, Confederate soldiers in hospitals. From the Richmond Daily Dispatch December 25, 1863:

Christmas.

One of the most charming productions of Dickens in that “Christmas Carol,” in which he tells of an old miser, Scrooge, whose cold nature was unlocked by the genial inferences of a certain Christmas, and who became thereafter the most benevolent and charitable of mankind. We wish that some of the persuasive visions of Christmas past, Christmas present, and Christmas to come, which worked such a wholesome influence upon the mind of the English miser, could make themselves left in the adamant natures of our Confederate Scrooges. Objects of compassion may be found at every step, in comparison with whose condition that of Bob Crotchett and Play Tim was happy and luxurious. We should like to know whether Christmas, which showers its bounties upon the heads of the extortioners and speculators, will melt their hearts towards their suffering fellow-men, or whether even the warm rain of Divine benevolence will freeze as it falls through such an icy temperature.

We can scarcely bring ourselves to wish our readers a merry Christmas in such an ere of selfishness and coldness of soul. The face of nature itself is not as dreary, the frozen streams are not as cold, as the hearts of men have been rendered-by the absorbing thirst of gain and gold. Beneath the hard crust of the earth lie buried those principles of life which will clothe its surface with the beauties of spring and the harvests of summer, and the imprisoned waters will soon break their icy chains and run-warm and sparkling in the sun’s fervid rays. But what life is there in the soul cankered by the greed of gain? What spring shall cause the desert to blossom or the arctic ice to melt?

But even amidst the general corruption there remain some men who hold fast their integrity, and to them we appeal to celebrate this Christmas by deeds of extraordinary mercy and charity to the extraordinary sufferers by this war. In the hospitals and in the habitations of the poor are hundreds and thousands whose Christmas will be sad and solitary unless cheered by the visitations and benevolence of those whom Providence has made the objects of its blessing and the almoners of its bounty. Amid the solemn scenes of this awful struggle we can in no way celebrate Christmas so appropriately as in those acts of mercy and compassion which bless him that gives and him that receives. He that remembereth the poor will be remembered by God in his own time of trouble and affection.

Church bells (probably) and the suffering wounded were Christmas constants both sides of Mason-Dixon 150 years ago.

You can see great photos of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Frances, and Charles at Hidden Cause, Visible Effects

Merry Christmas (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17382/17382-h/17382-h.htm)

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the ball was up

Emancipation was the word in 1863. The NY Times was pleased to see women skating expertly, not needing to be accompanied by men. From The New-York Times December 24, 1863:

Skating on Central Park Lakes and Fifth-avenue and Other Ponds.

The Gal with the balmoral (c1861; LOC: LC-USZ62-42196)

ahead of her time? (c1861)

Yesterday “The Ball is Up,” was on the lips, in the mouths, in the looks and smiles of old and young of both sexes, and thousands pressed up town to the Central Park lakes and Fifth-avenue Park, to a[v]ail themselves of the welcome opportunity for skating. The ice was in fine condition on the Central Park lakes, and the large attendance can be judged by the fact that nearly 4,000 pairs of skates were loaned by the parties licensed for that purpose by the Commissioners, and these in addition to the immense numbers who own ice-skimmers themselves.

No other accident or annoyance occurred than the occasional and usual transposition of some of the tyros in skating from a vertical to a horizontal position; and the Park Police had none but the pleasing occupation of assisting pretty young ladies who had subsided into an interesting heap to regain their perpendiculars, and to send them again blushing on their icy way.

It is a very noticeable, and at too same time a very pleasing fact that, this season, a large proportion of the lady skaters are — either singly or in company with others of their sex — entirely unattended by gentlemen, and dash past the latter with perfect impunity and confidence. “Of course, there were many excellent skaters on the lakes yesterday, but the most noticeable one was young HAINES, the skating champion.

The most noticeable of the fair sex was a sweet little girl of about 12 years, who was as expert as she was graceful, and created quite a furore wherever she appeared. She was accompanied by another pretty young lady and young gentleman, hardly less expert and graceful. The arrangement of the Commissioners in the Skate and Refreshment Department are excellent. Skates are furnished at reasonable raies, and refreshments of all kinds and of the best quality at moderaie charges. Another department has been established, in which property or clothing, for a slight charge, is taken care of. Thousands were on the lakes last night, enjoying “skating by moonlight.”

From The New-York Times December 24, 1863:

christmas-clipart-4 (http://karenswhimsy.com/public-domain-images/christmas-clipart/christmas-clipart-4.shtm)

CHRISTMAS FAIRS AND FESTIVITIES.

— Last evening a very elegant Christmas Tree was provided and given to the Sunday School children of St Bartholomew’s Church, corner of Great Jones-street and Lafayette-place. The Church was crowded with joyous little ones, and the festivities were carried on with great spirit. A solo, superbly sung by Miss BRAINERD, and excellent organ music by Dr. CLARK W. BRAMES, added to the either attractions. The Congregational Church at Harlem, (Rev. Mr. BOURNE’s,) is holding a very successful fair, which will close this evening. The proceeds are to be employed toward furnishing the Church.

The Christmas tree is brought to us courtesy of Karen’s Whimsy

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enemies among us

A Richmond editorial found it very suspicious that 400 paroled Yankee prisoners would choose to stay in Richmond instead of heading north back to the Union’s relative abundance. If organized they could kidnap Jefferson Davis.

From the Richmond Daily Dispatch December 23, 1863:

Paroled Yankee prisoners.

–Many of our readers will be astonished to learn that there are now in this city four hundred paroled Yankee prisoners, who, for causes known to themselves, have deserted the “stars and stripes,” renounced Lincoln’s rule, and taken the oath of allegiance to the Confederate Government. Four hundred men, prima facie alien enemies because natives of the land of wooden nutmegs and red onions, turned loose in the very capital of the Southern Confederacy, and that, too, upon the mere pledge of their “words of honor” that they will not take up arms against us, or give information to our enemies. Some of them may be sincere sympathisers of the South; but is it not a short-sighted policy in the Government to take the chance of having a Yankee army thus created in our midst, and by our own consent to aid in thus striking down our cause? Most of these men declare that they fled their country to escape the Lincoln draft. What are they to do here?–Are they to be conscripted; and if conscripted, will they not desert our army? Surely, the man that deserts the service of his own country will not prove more faithful to that of his adoption. If they are not to go into the army, what are they to do? Fill clerkships and positions of artisans, and thus be placed in possession of all the secrets of the Government? Surely not.

If the enrolled Yankees now perambulating the streets of Richmond were to organize for the purpose, they could seize President Davis, on any night agreed upon, and before resistance could be made, “spirit” him off into the Yankee lines.

The Davises 1863 (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/43979/43979-h/43979-h.htm#Page_147)

parolees threaten president’s domestic tranquility

The Mayor, under the State laws, has taken the bold ground that the Confederate authorities have no right to make alien enemies citizens of Virginia; and looking upon all the inhabitants of Yankee land as enemies of the State, and therefore suspicious characters, has had a number of them arrested and imprisoned. The Trojan horse and its results is not forgotten by him; and the fact that our jails and penitentiary are being overrun by these gentlemen of honor, who have fled their own country, does not strengthen his faith in their fair promises, or make him at all desirous to see our overgrown population increased by the addition of such men. As several of these parties are to be called before him to-day, when he will deliver a legal opinion upon the right and propriety of paroling prisoners to remain here, it would be well for the Confederate authorities to attend and hear him.–Mr. Mayor is one of the best posted criminal lawyers in Virginia, having served as prosecutor for more than a quarter of a century, and will therefore be able to give light to those who seem to know but little of our laws, and of the rights of Virginia and her Courts.

What made the whole thing more suspicious was that Confederate citizens in Europe seemed to be in no hurry to brave the blockade to join their fellow citizens in the struggle for independence. Some excellent sarcasm from the same issue:

Confederates abroad.

Amid the general privations and heroic exertions of our people, it is gratifying to know that the Confederates abroad are enduring with unexampled fortitude their separation from their native land, and their afflicting deprivation of the labors and renown in arms which their brethren at home are achieving. It is distressing to think that these unhappy exiles can have no share in the deliverance of their beloved country from its oppressors, and that their posterity will not be able to point to their names on the emblazoned scroll which will hand down to future ages the bronzed and immortal veterans who are carving out with their good swords such a heritage of glory as Greek and Roman never won. The ragged raiment, the bare and bleeding feet, the couch of winter snows with its canopy of Heaven, the terrific battle shock, and the graves where sleep, are all denied the homesick exiles of the sunny South, who, imprisoned in the splendid capitals of Europe, pine like caged eagles to wrestle with the tempest and bare their bosoms to the thunderbolt. The captive crusader, looking out from his rugged tower upon the embattled host of his warlike brethren passing by to humble the proud Moslem, and, amid the cheering blasts of their wild clarions, failing to hear his cry for deliverance, must have felt pangs akin to those which rend the bosoms of those distressed Confederates, whom Yankee blockaders and a stern sense of duty to themselves are chaining to the inglorious security of Europe.

No man with a man’s heart would willingly leave his country at such an hour as this, and therefore we can easily imagine the pangs which rend the bosoms of our expatriated brethren. To be compelled to stand aloof from one’s friends when in adversity, to be obliged to go out when burglars are working away at the old mansion house where one was born, and to know that the lives of those who nourished and played with us in our childhood, and whose blood runs in our veins, are in imminent peril, whilst we are constrained to look helplessly on from a neighbor’s window, is a refinement of torture enough to lacerate the toughest sensibilities, and to drive Reason from her throne. Such is the sad condition of our unhappy brethren in Europe. Who can depict the anguish of their souls? Every gale from the east seems burthened with their plaintive sighs. Surrounded on all hands by revilers of their domestic institutions, and living under Governments which studiously ignore the existence of their country, they are doomed to a condition of isolation and orphanage in comparison with which the crimson wreck of a battle- field and the red flames of the midnight conflagration are agreeable and animating spectacles.

But there is no condition of humanity bereft of all consolation, and it is pleasing to discover occasionally from foreign journals, and other vehicles of intelligence, that, whilst the minds of Confederates abroad are subjected to unspeakable tortures, their bodies are not denied the creature comforts which may be picked up here and there in European capitals. We rejoice to know that they have at least enough to eat, drink, and wear; that the roast beef of Merry England and the choice vintages of gallant France solace their desponding spirits; that they are much admired and sought after in social circles, and sometimes give vent to their unearthly patriotism at the festive board. It must be a touching sight to see them swallowing with convulsive throats an alderman’s turtle, permitting the Good Samaritans of Liverpool and London to pour oil and wine into their bleeding wounds, and drinking in solemn silence to the memory of Stonewall Jackson. Let us hope that, by these merciful appliances, they may be enabled to survive the rigors of their separation from desolate homes and from fields where brave men fight and fall, and that “when this cruel war is over” they will throng back to us like swallows in the spring.

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credit the ranks

General Ambrose E. Burnside, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing slightly right, wearing military uniform (between 1861 and 1865; LOC: between 1861 and 1865)

I can’t take the credit, although my men (in Tennessee) didn’t criticize me

It had been quite a twelve months for Ambrose Burnside – getting whipped at Fredericksburg, the Mud March, Clement Vallandigham, Knoxville. General Burnside and his troops managed to hang on to Knoxville for the Union. After John Foster replaced him in East Tennessee, Burnside headed back east. Here’s a report on a couple of his stops.

From The New-York Times December 21, 1863:

MOVEMENTS OF GEN. BURNSIDE.; His Arrival in New-York Reception at Cincinnati.

Yesterday, at twelve o’clock, Major-Gen. BURNSIDE and lady arrived in New-York from East Tennessee. They came by way of Cleveland, Ohio, and on their arrival in the City proceeded to the Fifth avenue Hotel, where they took apartments. When it was known that the late hero of Knoxville had arrived, many persons of distinction made inquiries respecting his health, and sought an interview with the gallant officer; but after the fatigues of a lengthened journey he declined to see any one until to-day. He will remain for a week, and then proceed to Washington, where he has been ordered to report. As yet the object of his visit to the Capital is not known. He appears in excellent health. Last evening the General granted a short and very agreeable interview to the representatives of the press who called upon him.

RECEPTION AT CINCINNATI.

Gen. BURNSIDE was warmly received at Cincinnati, and just before he left, on Friday evening, he was serenaded, and in acknowledgment of the compliment, said:

The defenders of our Union 109 Commanders of the Union (New York : C.F. May, c1862; LOC: LC-DIG-ppmsca-35558)

we owe all our “success to …. patriotism in the ranks”

MY FRIENDS: I can only thank you for the very kind manner in which you have welcomed me. I am not gifted with the power of speaking to an audience like this. But, gentlemen, though I am unable to fully express myself as I truly feel in respect to the great events that are transpiring, allow me to assure you that no one can feel more thankful than I do to the loyal people of the country for their devotion to the great cause in which we are struggling. I am thankful for your kind estimation of the value of my services, and can only say that I have endeavored to do my duty, and shall endeavor to do so still better on any future position to which I maybe called, I sincerely hope that peace may soon be restored to our beloved country; but as long as these troubles continue and I can be of service, I am ready to do all in my power. [Applause.] I have tried to do my best; and what I have done in East Tennessee has been due to the full cooperation of the subordinate officers and privates of my command. Not a single officer or a man has for a single moment intimated that in his opinion I was making mistakes or erring in my movements; and not one has at any time hesitated to render a full, faithful and energetic obedience to orders in all things. But notwithstanding this happy union of effort on the part of the officers in command of the field, the chief praise of our success is due to the subordinate officers and men in the ranks. Thousands of men in the ranks deserve the credit that is given to the leaders. Many of them have no relations in this country — foreigners — who will never hear of them again. And they fight for the country they love, being actuated by genuine patriotism. I owe all my success to this patriotism in the ranks, as also do all other Generals who have been successful. The principal achievements of this war are chiefly to be credited to the subordinate officers and the devoted fighting men in the ranks, who endure all, and dare all, with little other object in view than the defence of our common country. I have never been more conscious of this fact than during my last campaign. For one, I shall never forget what is due to the men in the ranks. [Applause.]

Allow me, then, again to return you my thanks for the compliment you have paid me, and to withdraw, expressing the ardent hope that our country will soon be at peace with herself, and continue forever in the enjoyment of peace within and with the external world. [Great applause.]

From Bruce Catton’s Mr. Lincoln’s Army via Wikipedia:

… Burnside had repeatedly demonstrated that it had been a military tragedy to give him a rank higher than colonel. One reason might have been that, with all his deficiencies, Burnside never had any angles of his own to play; he was a simple, honest, loyal soldier, doing his best even if that best was not very good, never scheming or conniving or backbiting. Also, he was modest; in an army many of whose generals were insufferable prima donnas, Burnside never mistook himself for Napoleon. …

Civil War envelope showing Union soldier with flag and sword trampling the Confederate flag (between 1861 and 1862; LOC:  LC-DIG-ppmsca-34718)

“they fight for the country they love, being actuated by genuine patriotism”

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