Calling all men, women, and speculators!

Corporal Samuel H. Overton of A Company, 44th Virginia Infantry Regiment and A Company, 20th Battalion Virginia Heavy Artillery Regiment in uniform and kepi with bayoneted musket (by Charles R. Rees, between 1861 and 1862; LOC: LC-DIG-ppmsca-32457)

well-equipped and well-shod at first

The Army of Northern Virginia is in dire need of clothing, shoes, and blankets. By this time the North discouraged goods sent to soldiers as at best ineffectual and a logistics problem. Here a Richmond paper urges the entire Southern populace (even soulless speculators) to send whatever supplies they can.

From the Richmond Daily Dispatch October 9, 1862:

Clothing for the army.

The Savannah Republican publishes an energetic appeal from an army correspondent dated at Winchester to the people of the Confederate States–men, women, and even speculators, who being presumed to have no souls, are, of course, not to be considered as either men or women — to exert themselves to the utmost extent of their ability in procuring clothing for our army. Whatever can be done, he says, must be done at once. “Not one moment can be lost that will not be marked, as by the second-hand of a watch, with the pangs of a sufferer. Already the hills and valleys in these high latitudes have been visited by frost, and the nights are uncomfortably cool to the man who sleeps on the ground. Come up, then, men and women of the South, to this sacred duty. Let nothing stand between you and the performance of it. Neither pride nor pleasure, nor personal case and comfort, should withhold your hands from this holy work. The supply of wool and leather we know is limited, but do what you can, and all you can, and as soon as you can. If you cannot send woolen socks, send half woolen or cotton socks, and so with under-clothing, coats, and pants If blankets are not to be had, then substitute comforts made of oznaburg stuffed with cotton. Anything that will keep off the cold will be acceptable. Even the speculator and extortioner might forego their gains for a season and join in this religious duty. If they neither clothe the naked, nor feed the hungry, who are fighting for their freedom, and for their homes and property, what right have they to expect anything but eternal damnation, both from God and man?

“If the army of Virginia could march through the South just as it is — ragged, and almost barefooted and hatless, many of them limping along, and not quite well of their wounds or sickness yet cheerful and unwilling to abandon their places in the racks, their clothes riddled with bullets, and their banners covered with the smoke and dust of battle, and shot into latters, many of them in scribed with Williamsburg, ‘Seven Pines.’ ‘Galses’s Mill,’ ‘Garnett’s Farm,’ ‘Front Royal,’ ‘McDowell,’ ‘Cedar Run,’ and other glorious fields — if this army of veterans, thus shed and lead, with tattered and forms and banners, could march from Richmond to the Mississippi, it would produce a sensation that has no parallel in history since Peter the Hermit led his swelling hosts across Europe to the rescue of the Holy Sepulchre. ” …

Scarecrow on a newly cleared field with stumps near Roxboro, North Carolina (by Dorthea Lange, U.S. Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black & White, 1939 July; LOC: LC-USF34-019983-E)

scarecrow in North Carolina, 1939

We are no alarmists; we are aware that Congress has taken measures since the letter from which the above extracts are made was written. But this is a subject of such vast importance that it must be taken into consideration by everybody. That army — that glorious army — must be clad and must be shod. Upon it depends the glory alike, and salvation of our country. Posterity will scarcely believe that the wonderful campaign which has just ended, with its terrible marches and desperate battles, was made by men, one-fourth of whom were entirely barefooted, and one-half of whom were as ragged as scarecrows. Yet, who ever heard of such valor, such constancy, such devotion, such an entire absence of all complaints. We cease to wonder at the number of stragglers when we hear how many among them were shoeless, with stone bruises on their feet.

Men and women of the South, to the Rosene, to the rezone! [rescue?]

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Battling the Blockade … and Yellow Fever

CSS Florida (1862-64)  (19th Century photograph of a painting depicting Florida running past the Federal blockader USS Oneida to escape into Mobile Bay, Alabama, 4 September 1862. On this occasion, Florida also evaded USS Winona and USS Rachael Seaman.  U.S. Naval Historical Center Photograph)

Running the blockade at Mobile

It’s month old news but a fresh source of Confederate pride for the Dispatch editors. From the Richmond Daily Dispatch October 8, 1862:

Brilliant Naval exploit.

We doubt whether the late exploit of the Confederate shipsteamer Florida, in running the blockade of Mobile, has ever had, in all its features, any parallel in naval annals. Manned by a crew of laborers, unable to fire a gun, and commanded by a captain sick with yellow fever, she run the gauntlet of four Federal steamers, and was chased and pounded by them for four mortal hours, and yet, through the masterly handling of her sick captain, escaped.–Capt. Moffit has made himself a name by this remarkable achievement. If he can do such things without guns or seamen and down himself with the yellow fever, what may we not expect of him when the Florida is ready for a fight and her commander is restored to health? May the hour be near!

John Newland Maffitt, 1819-1886 (no date recorded on caption card; LOC: LC-USZ62-72757)

damn the yellow fever, …

The CSS Florida was not able to fight back when it ran the blockade on September 4 because much of the crew, including its commanding officer, John Newland Maffitt, was sick with yellow fever and because it was not properly outfitted to use its guns.

You’d have to say the editors were right to expect a lot. On January 16, 1863 the repaired and properly outfitted ship escaped Mobile. From then until August the Florida with Maffitt at the helm captured 22 prizes.

Commander Maffitt, who joined the U.S. navy as a 13 year old midshipman, resigned his commission in 1861 to join the Confederate navy. Maffitt had to relinquish command of the Florida because of ill-health later in 1863; later in the war he commanded the Albemarle. In 1886 Maffitt died in Wilmington, North Carolina – a city that was afflicted with yellow fever 150 years ago this month (from the same issue of the Dispatch):

Progress of the yellow fever at Wilmington.

A telegram from a friend informs us that, on the 6th instant, there were 63 new cases of fever in Wilmington, N. C., and the physicians there estimated the number of cases now in the city at 400. For the week ending with the 3d instant, there were 267 new cases, and 82 deaths, showing a mortality equal to 30 per cent. The weather on Saturday was very hot, and the nights during the week had been foggy with heavy dews. Efforts for the relief of the plague-stricken city are being made in various cities. From Petersburg, Va., 20 barrels of flour have been sent, and Goldsboro’, N. C., has appointed a committee to forward provisions. The gloom of the plague is not regarded by the thieves. Three stores were broken open in Wilmington on Friday night.

Commander John Newland Maffitt, CSN  Engraving published circa the later 19th Century.  U.S. Naval Historical Center Photograph.

‘Prince of Privateers’

CSS Florida (1862-1864) Photograph taken at Brest, France, circa August 1863-February 1864. (U.S. Naval Historical Center Photograph.)

At rest at Brest

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Who would Jeff Davis vote for?

Hon. Horatio Seymour (between 1855 and 1865; LOC: LC-DIG-cwpbh-01842)

He’s got Jeff’s vote locked up

Democrat Horatio Seymour opposed Republican James S. Wadsworth in the 1862 race for New York governor. 150 years ago this week the Republican-leaning New-York Times published an editorial about a month from Election Day. There are three classes of Seymour supporters – rebel sympathizers, Democrats who prefer party over the nation, and those dissatisfied with the Lincoln administration. The editorial concludes by showing the fallacy of the anti-administration class and then says that a vote for Seymour is a vote to aid and abet the rebels.

From The New-York Times October 5, 1862:

What the Opposition is Composed of.

Now, these men [those upset with Lincoln’s administration], assuming them to be loyal In heart, show a most extraordinary want of logic in the conclusion to vote for SEYMOUR, which they draw from their premises. Granted that the Administration has erred, has been too Pro-Slavery, or too Anti-Slavery, has been too energetic or not enough so, the conclusion to vote for SEYMOUR is a non sequitur. It is as if a man, because doctors are guilty of malpractice sometimes, should help a vessel with the yellow fever on board to run the Quarantine. It is as if burglars should break into our house, and one of the inmates, being dissatisfied with the actions of the Police, should join with the thieves and trip up the officers’ heels.

Judah P. Benjamin, Senator from Louisiana, half-length portrait (ca. 1856; LOC: LC-DIG-ppmsca-05642)

CSA Secretary of State – Seymour’s election sure to keep him smiling

Now, all these three classes of men are excessively indignant at being told that they are aiding and abetting the rebels. But this is the fact, and it is no answer for them to say that they have given their money and sent their sons to the war. ARNOLD gave his money and his blood for the country, but none the less did he help the enemy when he offered to give up West Point. And so the men who seek the election of SEYMOUR, whether they mean it or not, are helping the rebels, no matter what they have done before to hurt them. We wish that every one who proposes to vote for SEYMOUR would ask himself the question, What would JEFF. DAVIS advise me to do, if I were to ask him? Which vote would do most to please FLOYD and BENJAMIN, and TOOMBS and WISE, and LETCHER and the whole gang of thieving, perjured rebels, who have brought the country to this pass? Which vote would win for me the approbation of the I Richmond newspapers? Which vote would gratify most and encourage most the rebel Generals? No honest man can answer these questions in any way but one. A vote for SEYMOUR will insure to any one the applause of the whole rebel crew. It is enough for us, and it seems to us that it must be enough for any man who loves his country, to know that this is so to insure our supporting WADSWORTH with all our energies. Show us what the rebels would have us do. We want nothing else to send us in the opposite direction.

__________________________________

James S. Wadsworth (between 1861 and 1864)

‘nothing but blows for rebels’

Here’s an earlier Times editorial on the race. The Republican convention was held in Syracuse on September 24th. General Wadsworth was nominated, although John Adams Dix was also considered, even after receiving votes at the Constitutional Union party’s convention on September 9th. This piece points out that the Syracuse convention enthusiastically supported President Lincoln’s September 22nd Emancipation Proclamation.

From The New-York Times September 26, 1862:

The State Canvass.

The State canvas is fairly opened, and according to all appearances it bids fair to be one of the most hotly contested which we have ever known. The spirit and temper of the Syracuse Convention indicated a purpose, on the part of the War Unionists of all political parties, who were there represented, to join issue directly with the peace and submission Democrats, and to give them as sharp a fight as they may desire.

Erie Canal at Salina Street, Syracuse, N.Y. (Detroit Publishing Co. c1904; LOC: LC-DIG-det-4a12105)

A canal ran through it (Syracuse about 1904)

Gen. WADSWORTH, their candidate for Governor, is a thoroughly representative man, -devoted heart, soul, and fortune to the crushing of the rebellion, and not disposed to make terms of any sort with traitors in arms. Unlike Gov. SEYMOUR, he has nothing but blows for rebels, and gives the Government of his country a hearty and unqualified support. He is widely known as an able, generous, liberal man, perfectly independent in feeling as in fortune, and deserving the universal confidence and esteem which he enjoys. LYMAN TREMAIN, the candidate for Lieutenant-Governor, is fresh from the ranks of the Democratic Party, a lawyer of ability, and a man of commanding influence and popularity through a very large section of the State.

Hon. Lyman Tremain of N.Y. (between 1855 and 1865; LOC: LC-DIG-cwpbh-01902)

fresh from Democrat ranks

The Convention was large, able, perfectly harmonious, and intensely enthusiastic in support of the Government, and especially in approval of the President’s proclamation emancipating the slaves of obdurate rebels. A portion of the delegates deemed it expedient to nominate Gen. DIX, in order to give the loyal Democrats an opportunity to stand by the Government without forfeiting their party preferences. With this exception, there was not the slightest difference of opinion as to principles or policy in the Convention, — and when a very large majority of the delegates overruled this suggestion, nothing was left but the most complete and unanimous enthusiasm in support of the ticket and the cause.

The canvass opens in a manner to give assurance that we shall crush out treason at home as effectually as we hope to crush the more open and manly rebellion beyond our borders.

Rebel Army of Virginia: Longstreet, Beauregard, Breckenridge, Fitzhugh Lee, R.E. Lee, A.P. Hill, and Ewell (between 1860 and 1870; LOC: LC-DIG-cwpb-07618)

more open and manly rebels

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“Three cheers for the hope of America”

Antietam, Md. Allan Pinkerton, President Lincoln, and Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand; another view (by Alexander gardner, 1862 October 3; LOC: LC-DIG-cwpb-04326)

‘hope of America’ at Antietam

President Lincoln stopped in Frederick, Maryland on his way back to the nation’s capital after vising General McClellan and the Army of the Potomac at Antietam. Our correspondent saw the brief storm that hit Frederick during the president’s visit as sort of an omen – “our dark day of sorrow” will pass. President Lincoln is also taking the long view – this stormy war will be worth it for the next thousand generations.

From The New-York Times October 5, 1862:

AN OVATION TO THE PRESIDENT.; Enthusiastic Reception in Frederick on His Return to Washington. Two Brief Speeches Made by Him.

WASHINGTON, Saturday, Oct. 4.

We have received the following dispatch from our special correspondent, dated FREDERICK, Md., Saturday, Oct. 4.

The President’s visit to Frederick was one of the most joyous and enthusiastic ever witnessed in this city, and must have presented a startling contrast to those who, but a few days ago, saw the Union flag trailed in the dust at the feet of rebels’ horses.

The Battle of South Mountain Md. : showing positions at Fox's and Turner's Gaps, Sept. 14th 1862. by Robert Knox Sneden (betweeen 1862-1865; LOC: gvhs01 vhs00298 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.ndlpcoop/gvhs01.vhs00298 )

Lincoln and McClellan inspected South Mountain

The town was in great excitement a great part of yesterday, and to-day also, momentarily expecting the President’s arrival. He was accompanied today by Gen. MCCLELLAN and Staff to the South Mountain, where, after a minute survey of the battle-field, the parties separated, the President proceeding, with his escort, to this place.

He arrived in Frederick this evening at 4 2/4, accompanied by Maj.-Gen. McClernand, Col. L.S. Marther, Chief of Artillery, of McClellan’s Staff; Capt. W. Rives, Aid to McClellan; Capt. Derrickson, of the One Hundred and Fiftieth Pennsylvania; John W. Garrett, President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Marshal Lamon, of the District of Colombia; Hon. O.M. Hatch; Secretary of State, or Illinois; J.P. Kennedy, Superintendent of the Census, and a body of cavalry. The party entered Frederick by Patrick-street, passed through Court and Church streets, and then stopped at Mrs. RAMSEY’s house, to see Gen. HARTSUFF, who was wounded at Antietam. Here the President, being called on, made the following speech:

G.L. Hartsuff (between 1860 and 1870; LOC: LC-DIG-cwpb-05150)

recuperating at Mrs. Ramsey’s

“In my present position it is hardly proper for me to make speeches. Every word is so closely noted that it will not do to make trivial ones, and I cannot be expected to be prepared to make a matured one just now. If I were as I have been most of my life, I might, perhaps, talk amusing to you for half an hour, and it wouldn’t hurt anybody; but as it is, I can only return my sincere thanks for the compliment paid our cause and our common country.”

From this place they proceeded along First-street: then down Market-street to the railway station, where hundreds were congregated, cheering vociferously, and the windows everywhere crowded with a most excited and enthusiastic crowd — the ladies especially exhibiting every symptom of delight.

Just at this period the sky became overcast with clouds of inky blackness, and a tornado came up, sending the dust in blinding gusts, and accompanied by a short but heavy rain. By the time the President reached the Station it had already blown over — ominous of the brightness that is to succeed our dark day of sorrow.

At the Station, being loudly called for, he made the following remarks:

Washington inspecting the captured colors after the battle of Trenton (by Percy Moran, c1914 Aug. 10; LOC: LC-USZC4-11107)

bequeathed ‘glorious institutions’ for the next thousand generations

FELLOW-CITIZENS: I see myself surrounded by soldiers, and a little further off I note the citizens of this good city of Frederick, anxious to hear something from me. I can only say, as I did five minutes ago, it is not proper for me to make speeches in my present position. I return thanks to our soldiers for the good service they have rendered, for the energies they have shown, the hardships they have endured, and the blood they have so nobly shed for this dear Union of ours; and I also return thanks not only to the soldiers, but to the good citizens of Maryland, and to all the good men and women in this land, for their devotion to our glorious cause. I say this without any malice in my heart, to those who may have done otherwise. May our children and our children’s children to a thousand generations continue to enjoy the benefits conferred upon us by a united country, and have cause yet to rejoice under those glorious institutions bequeathed us by WASHINGTON and his compeers. Now my friends, soldiers and citizens, I can only say once more, farewell.

At the conclusion of this speech, which was delivered standing at the end of the car, the President, entered amid the acclamations of the crowd, and the train moved off. Once again he appeared, waving his hat, and continued doing so until the train was lost in the distance.

“Three cheers for the hope of America,” was called out by one stentorian voice in front of Mrs. RAMSEY’s house, and the reception which our President received here shows that that is the estimate put upon him by the good people of Frederick, and indeed the whole of Maryland.

Barbara Frietchie (1862?, printed 1863 or 1864; LOC: LC-DIG-ppmsca-07770)

famous Frederick Unionist

Barbara Fritchie waving tattered U.S. flag from window. Frederick, Md., Sept. 1862 (c1922; LOC: LC-USZ62-57781)

mythic incident symbolizing Northern patriotic sentiment in Frederick

____________________________________

Barbara Fritchie died in December 1862 at the age of 96.

George Lucas Hartsuff was born in Tyre, New York in Seneca County in 1830. His family moved to Michigan in 1842. Hartstuff graduated from West Point in 1842. The 48th Pennsylvania Infantry discusses Hartstuff at Antietam. The wound to his left hip took eight months to heal. He was unable to walk until February, 1863.

_______________________________________

Antietam, Md. President Lincoln and Gen. George B. McClellan in the general's tent; another view (by Aleaxander Gardner, 1862 October 3; LOC: LC-DIG-cwpb-01131)

‘and now he wants me to show him South Mountain’

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Cutting Wires

According to the Naval Historical Center, “A landing party from Thomas Freeborn cut telegraph lines stretching from Occoquan and Fredericksburg, Va., to Richmond, Va., on 4 October 1862.”

It’s already been 15 months since the Freeborn’s commander, James Harmon Ward, was mortally wounded at Mathias Point.

"Engagement between the Gunboat Flotilla, Freeborn and Reliance, under the Command of Captain James H. Ward, and a Secession Force at Mathias Point, Va., on the Potomac River -- Death of Captain Ward.", 27 June 1861

Thomas Freeborn on left

"Infernal machines discovered in the Potomac near Aquia Creek by the flotilla for whose destruction they were intended'"  Sketch by A. Waud from a photograph by James F. Gibson, 1861

And speaking of technology

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Evaluating Ullman

Gen. Daniel Ullman of N.Y. (between 1860 and 1870; LOC: LC-DIG-cwpb-05139)

‘a desponding and downcast look’

From the Richmond Daily Dispatch October 4 (or 3), 1862:

A military Politician.

–Among the latest arrivals of Yankee officers is Daniel Ullman, formerly the great gun of the Know Nothings of New York. He was operating on the line of the Rappahannock as Colonel of the 78th regiment New York volunteers, when, on the 28th of August, he had the misfortune to fall into the hands of our troops. Ullman’s personal appearance is insignificant; as a prisoner he has a desponding and downcast look. He will be sent home with his brother officers.

Maybe he was brooding on his revenge. According to the aboveWikipedia link, after his parole from the Richmond prison, Ullman approached President Lincoln about enlisting black soldiers. In January 1863 Ullman went to Louisiana and helped form the United States Colored Troops

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At Club Mac

George B. McClellan. Major General commanding U.S. Army (Boston : Published by J.H. Bufford, c1862; LOC: LC-DIG-pga-00378)

Club’s namesake: ‘statesmanly and soldierly ability’

On September 29, 1862 a group of men in Seneca Falls, New York held an organizational meeting of a McClellan Club. Here’s a report from a Seneca County, New York newspaper in 1862:

Organization of a McClellan Club.

A large number of our citizens responded to the call, published in the last issue of this paper, and convened at Concert Hall, on Monday evening last, for the purpose of organizing a “McClellan Club.” The meeting was organized by the appointment of GEO. PONTIUS as Chairman, and D.H. WILSON and JEREMIAH TRANT as Secretaries. The object of the meeting being stated, on motion, a committee, consisting of Peter H. Van Auken, Aaron Baldwin, John S. Murphy and James D. Pollard, was appointed to draft and submit to the meeting a series of resolutions expressive of the sentiments of those present.

Horatio Seymour, 1810-1886 "Seymour at home", full length portrait, standing, left profile, carrying rifle, American politician (c1868; LOC: LC-USZ62-53047)

Hooray for Horatio!

The following resolutions were read and submitted to the meeting by the chairman of the committee:

Resolved, That, as a mark of our respect for the heroic General at the head of the Union Army, this Club shall be known as “The McClellan Club of Seneca Falls,” and its organization shall be maintained until the present rebellion shall be suppressed, its guilty authors punished, and the soldiers of the Union properly rewarded.

Resolved, That the loyal people of this State have entire confidence in the statesmanly and soldierly ability, and exalted patriotism of Generals Halleck and McClellan, and the officers and soldiers co-operating with them; and that we regard all attempts of abolition disunionists or others to embarrass the action of the Generals in command, or to undermine their influence and popularity with the army or the people, as scarcely less atrocious than the rebellion itself.

Portrait of Brig. Gen. James S. Wadsworth, officer of the Federal Army (Between 1860 and 1864; LOC: LC-DIG-cwpb-04579)

’embittered and factious hostility’

Resolved, That in view of the distinguished services and responsible position of General McClellan, we indignanily [as printed] deprecate the nomination and election of Governor of this State of the malignant Wadsworth, a man whose principal claim to notoriety consists of his uniform embittered and factious hostility to General McClellan, his superior officer. His nomination, with that of Lyman Tremaine, whose sudden conversion from extreme “dough-faceism” to radical abolitionism reflects alike upon his sincerity and integrity, cannot but be regarded as an intended insult to every democrat and every whig who prizes the Union and the Constitution.

Resolved, That this Club will unanimously support Horatio Seymour and his associates on the Democratic Constitutional Union Ticket at the ensuing election.

Hon. Henry Jarvis Raymond of N.Y. (between 1855 and 1865; LOC: LC-DIG-cwpbh-03070)

‘little villain’ presides at Syracuse

Resolved, That the present danger and difficulties which hang over this Republic may, in a great measure be justly attributed to the New York Tribune, and papers and politicians of that stripe and character. – That the speeches of the “little villain” of the New York Times, and his associates in the recent Republican State Convention imputing treasonable sentiments to their political opponents were infamously false and insulting to at least one half of the people of the Northern states, and that taken in connection with the arbitrary arrests and imprisonments of loyal citizens, and the suppression of independent newspapers, have a direct tendency to divide and distract the north, and to discourage enlistments, if not to encourage mutiny and breaches of the public peace, and that in consequence all such disloyal practices ought to stop.

Resolved, That a loyal and constitutional party is at all times promotive of the public good; and that such a party was never more required than when the enormous expenditure of public money tends to fill every department of the government with men intent upon speculation and plunder.

The reading of the resolutions was frequently interrupted by the applause of the audience, and they were unanimously adopted as the sentiments of the meeting, Before their adoption, however, J.T.MILLER, Esq., made a brief and telling speech upon the questions that are now agitating the public mind.

On motion, the Chair was empowered to select a committee of two from each ward to report permanent officers of the Club at Concert Hall, on Wednesday evening, October 8th. The following are the several members of the committee thus appointed: Henry Stowell, P.H. Van Auken, G. Wilcoxen, James D. Pollard, John S. Murphy, L.T. Moore, J. Newbolt.

The Club adjourned to meet at Concert Hall, on Wednesday next, to perfect its organization. The public generally are invited to attend.

Syracuse, N.Y. (N.Y. : Published by Smith Bros. & Co., 225 Fulton St., 185-?); LOC: LC-DIG-pga-02219)

Republicans met at Syracuse

The resolutions aim a good deal at the approaching state election. The Constitutional Unionists joined the Democrat convention on September 10, 1862 where Horatio Seymour was nominated for governor.

The Republicans met in Syracuse on September 24th. Henry Jarvis Raymond, the founder of The New-York Times, presided. James Samuel Wadsworth, the gubernatorial nominee, was a political general in charge of the defenses of Washington, D.C. from March until September 1862. President Lincoln sided with Wadsworth at the start of general McClellan’s peninsula campaign and ordered that more troops stay to defend the capital. McClellan had even less soldiers than he would have liked to start an offensive. Lyman Tremain, the Democrat state attorney general as late as 1859, ran for Lieutenant Governor as a Republican.

Breaking that "backbone" (Pub'd. by Currier & Ives, Nassau St., N.Y. [1862 or 1863]; LOC: LC-USZ62-42560)

SF Dems love Old Brains and Young Napoleon

You can read about the political cartoon at the Library of Congress

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Friendly Fire

More posing for the camera.

Two unidentified soldiers in Union uniforms posing with bayoneted Springfield Model 1861 rifled musket with attached bayonet, knife, and Colt Model 1851 Navy revolver in front of painted backdrop showing landscape with camp (between 1861 and 1865; LOC: LC-DIG-ppmsca-37138)

Democrat v. Republican?

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The mask laid aside

Proclamation of emancipation (no date recorded on shelflist card; LOC: LC-DIG-pga-02130)

Kickin’ around that ‘ridiculous old Constitution’

A southern editorial on Abraham Lincoln’s September 22, 1862 Proclamation of Emancipation.

From the Richmond Daily Dispatch September 30, 1862:

Lincoln’s proclamation.

The Yankee Government has at last laid aside all disguise. Lincoln openly proclaims the abolition of slavery throughout the entire South, wherever a slave is held. The time for issuing this proclamation has been singularly well chosen. It is when the discharge of Pope’s last officer has left our Government, for the present, entirely without the means of retaliation. It is singularly consistent with the behavior of Lincoln when Pope’s infamous proclamation was issued. That document was not sent forth until Lincoln had assured himself that the cartel either had been or would be signed.

Constitution of the United States,page1

‘the bulwark of our liberties’ – disregarded by the strong

For the proclamation itself, it does not in the least alter the character of the war. It has been an abolition contest from the beginning, and is no more an abolition contest now than it was at first. The Yankees have stolen and set free all the negroes who were willing to go, wherever their soldiers have had possession of the country. It is best for us, indeed, that the mask should be entirely laid aside, since our people, no longer deluded into the belief that their slave property will be respected, will be careful hereafter to remove it beyond the reach of danger.–This document is merely curious, from the clear demonstration which it affords, of the entire possession which the abolition party has taken of the Federal Government, and the utter prostration of the last remnant of what used with so much unction to be termed by the canting knaves of New England”the bulwark of our liberties” –we mean that ridiculous old Constitution of the United States, which no party ever paid any attention to when they were strong enough to disregard it, and from which no party too weak to justify its position with the sword ever received the slightest protection. That the whole North will acquiesce in this last kick at the expiring Constitution, cannot be doubted. Experience has proved that we have nothing to hope from any party in that quarter. Eager as they may be to cut each others throats, they are still more eager to cut ours, and to that pious work, we may be assured, they will devote themselves with all their energy. They are already calling for a million more of men, and the probability is that they will have them long before Christmas. We must make up our minds to meet these men, and to beat them, as we both can and will if they come here.

Unidentified soldier in Union uniform with forage cap carrying a bone handle knife in breast pocket (between 1861 and 1865; LOC: LC-DIG-ppmsca-37143)

ready to cut some rebel throat

Unidentified soldier in Union uniform with large Bowie knife on belt (between 1861 and 1865; LOC: LC-DIG-ppmsca-36872)

typical Yankee?

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“breath alone kills no rebels”

Free territory for a free people (1860; LOC: LC-USZ62-90709)

Free is the word

As a congressman and senator from Maine Hannibal Hamlin consistently opposed the extension of slavery. According to The life and times of Hannibal Hamlin by Charles Eugene Hamlin, Hannibal’s grandson, Hamlin continued his opposition to slavery as Lincoln’s vice-president. The day after the Union loss at First Bull Run (fought July 21, 1861) Vice-president Hamlin and Senators Chandler and Sumner called on President Lincoln to urge him to free and arm the slaves (p. 423). According to Hamlin’s biography at the United States Senate site:

Hamlin, for instance, was among those who pressed Lincoln hard to issue an emancipation proclamation. Fearing at first that such a measure would divide the North, Lincoln resisted until he believed he could use the issue as a military advantage, to give a nobler purpose to the war. When Lincoln first drafted a proclamation, he invited Hamlin to dinner and let him be the first to see the document, asking for his suggestions. Hamlin later described Lincoln as “much moved at the step he was taking.”

The vice-president must have been overjoyed by the Emancipation Proclamation of September 22, 1862 and apparently wrote President Lincoln a congratulatory letter. 150 years ago today Lincoln replied to Hamlin. The president is sticking to his approach that everything he did was first and foremost to put down the rebellion and save the Union. (Republican) sentiments might be up, but stock prices and troop levels are down.

Hannibal Hamlin (between 1855 and 1865; LOC: LC-DIG-cwpbh-00990)

Hamlin to Lincoln on the Emancipation Proclamation?: “This is a big [Bidenspeak] deal.”

From Abraham Lincoln’s Writings at Project Gutenberg:

TO HANNIBAL HAMLIN.
(Strictly private.)
EXECUTIVE MANSION, WASHINGTON,

September 28, 1862.
HON. HANNIBAL HAMLIN.

MY DEAR SIR: Your kind letter of the 25th is just received. It is known to some that, while I hope something from the proclamation, my expectations are not as sanguine as are those of some friends. The time for its effect southward has not come; but northward the effect should be instantaneous. It is six days old, and, while commendation in newspapers and by distinguished individuals is all that a vain man could wish, the stocks have declined, and troops come forward more slowly than ever. This, looked soberly in the face, is not very satisfactory. We have fewer troops in the field at the end of the six days than we had at the beginning—the attrition among the old outnumbering the addition by the new. The North responds to the proclamation sufficiently in breath; but breath alone kills no rebels.

I wish I could write more cheerfully; nor do I thank you the less for the kindness of your letter.

Yours very truly,
A. LINCOLN.

Antietam, Maryland. Battlefield near Sherrick's house where the 79th N.Y. Vols. fought after they crossed the creek. Group of dead Confederates (by Alexander gardner, 1862 Sept; LOC: LC-DIG-cwpb-00242)

killed rebels

Bidenspeak

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